Serial displacement chromatofocusing and its applications in multidimensional chromatography and gel electrophoresis: I. Theory and general considerations

The technique of “serial displacement chromatofocusing” (SDC) is investigated both theoretically and experimentally with model mixtures of proteins and peptides. The method employs a multistep, retained pH gradient formed using adsorbed buffering species to produce a series of discrete effluent fractions. Each of these fractions may contain several displaced protein bands under conditions of sufficient mass overloading, so that several displacement trains of adjoined bands can be produced in a single chromatographic run. Numerical simulations and experimental results showed selective concentration effects for minor components in a fraction when the feed amount was sufficient large. A computer-aided design method was developed to facilitate the use of the method and was applied to both anion- and cation-exchange column packings. Good agreement was achieved between the designed pH gradients and experimental results. The characteristics of SDC were also explored in terms of its loading capacity, scalability, repeatability, recovery, and differentiation of proteins between their true and apparent isoelectric point values.     

Serial coupling of RP and zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction LC–MS: Suspects screening of diclofenac transformation products by oxidation with a boron‐doped diamond electrode

The presence of pollutants and their transformation products (TPs) in the water system is a big concern because of possible adverse effects on the aquatic environment. Their identification is still a challenge that requires the combination of different chromatographic techniques. In the current research, serial coupling of RPLC and zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction LC with TOF‐MS was investigated as a single separation technique for the screening of suspected TPs from electrochemical oxidation of diclofenac using a boron‐doped diamond electrode. Diclofenac oxidation was performed in three water matrices in order to study its transformation in different chemical contexts. 47 TPs resulting from similar oxidation methods were selected from the literature. As in most cases standards were not available, an identification procedure based on accurate mass data and chromatographic behavior was proposed. According to this procedure, 11 suspected TPs, previously analyzed by LC, GC, or ion chromatography, were detected in a single injection. The method was proved to be reliable and versatile and it could be efficiently employed as a comprehensive analytical tool for the simultaneous analysis of compounds in a wide polarity range.     

Subnormality in linear groups

This paper investigates subnormality and its generalizations in the universe of linear groups. Among other results, it is proved that in any periodic linear group serial subgroups are ascendant, while descendant subgroups are subnormal. Moreover, the join of subnormal subgroups of linear groups is studied.     

Quadratic forms in skew normal variates

In this paper first a characterization of the multivariate skew normal distribution is given. Then the joint moment generating functions of two quadratic forms, and a linear compound and a quadratic form in skew normal variates, have been derived and conditions for their independence are given. Distribution of the ratios of quadratic forms in skew normal variates has also been studied.     

On the serial cost sharing rule

In this paper we study a solution for discrete cost allocation problems, namely, the serial cost sharing method. We show that this solution can be computed by applying the Shapley value to an appropriate TU game and we present a probabilistic formula. We also define for cost allocation problems a multilinear function in order to obtain the serial cost sharing method as Owen (1972) did for the Shapley value in the cooperative TU context. Moreover we show that the pseudo average cost method is equivalent to an extended Shapley value. Received April 2000/Revised January 2003 RID="*" ID="*"  Authors are indebted to two anonymous referees for especially careful and useful comments. This research has been partially supported by the University of the Basque Country (projects UPV 036.321-HA197/98, UPV 036.321-HA042/99) and DGES Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (project PB96-0247).     

High-throughput pharmacokinetic method: cassette dosing in mice associated with minuscule serial bleedings and LC/MS/MS analysis

A method for pharmacokinetic studies using cassette dosing associated with serial bleeding in mice is described. PK profiles of four soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors were determined following oral, subcutaneous or intraperitoneal administration individually or in cassette dosing. Parent analyses were performed on only 5 μL of whole blood from serial bleeds (up to 10 per animal), by LC/MS/MS. An accuracy (88-100%) and precision (<10% RSD) were observed, leading to reliable datum points for PK calculation. PK profiles, T_max, C_max and half-life values after cassette dosing were similar to the individual PK results. This method dramatically increases speed of data collection while dramatically reducing cost and animal usage. The results presented here clearly indicate that this proposed method could be applicable to high-throughput PK studies.     

基于FPGA的多通道串口数据采集与传输设计

针对多通道串口数据的采集与传输现实需要,提出了一种基于FPGA的多通道串口数据采集方案。通过对多路串口数据的同时采集、缓冲及打包的数据流处理思想,采用FPAG+多串口+USB的硬件框架及总线不同速率的传输算法,实现了多路串口数据的采集与传输。为了验证设计的有效性,设计了6路串口同时传输的试验方案,最终通过试验满足预期要求,达到多路串口同时采集及传输的目的。     

Artinian Serial Modules over Commutative (or,Left Noetherian) Rings are at Most One Step Away from Being Noetherian

We introduce and study the concept of dual perfect dimension which is a Krull-like dimension extension of the concept of acc on finitely generated submodules. We observe some basic facts for modules with this dimension, which are similar to the basic properties of modules with Noetherian dimension. For Artinian serial modules, we show that these two dimensions coincide. Consequently, we prove that the Noetherian dimension of non-Noetherian Artinian serial modules over the rings of the title is 1.     

基于USB总线接口的HART MODEM的研发与应用

现阶段工业自动化仪器仪表领域以HART总线为通讯的方式已经成为行业的标配,然而这种基于串行总线接口HART MODEM在工程实际的应用中存在实用性、便携性差和购买成本高的问题。为此,文章提出一种基于USB总线接口的HART MODEM模块的研发与应用,其目的是替换现有的基于串行总线接口的HART MODEM模块,同时解决现有模块所存在的问题。文中阐述的USB总线接口的HART MODEM模块以STC89C51RD微控制器为核心,通过USB驱动芯片CH375A接收PC机发来的HART协议帧,同时将协议帧通过DS8500 HART调制解调器芯片转发给工业现场HART型的总线仪表。经过实验与应用的验证,该模块的抗干扰性、通讯误码率均到达工业级产品指标,并广泛的应用于自动化仪器仪表中的压力变送器、温度变送器、流量计、执行器等领域。